Definition
Electronic mechanisms used to attribute an approval, authorisation or other recorded action to a specific person.
Human Explanation
They provide evidence of who approved a record or performed a defined action in the system.
Why it Matters
They support accountability, traceability and trustworthy electronic approval.
Conceptual Boundary
An Electronic Signature is not merely an image of a handwritten signature; it should be linked to the person, record and meaning of the action.
Practical Perspective
The system should protect credentials, record date and time, and indicate whether the signature means execution, review, approval or another decision.