Definition
A Data Controller is a person or organisation that determines the purposes and means of processing Personal Data.
Human Explanation
The Data Controller decides why Personal Data is used and the essential way in which processing is organised.
Why it Matters
Correctly identifying the controller establishes who carries primary responsibility for lawful and accountable processing.
Conceptual Boundary
A Data Controller does not need to perform every processing operation itself. Roles depend on actual Decision-making and circumstances, not only contractual labels.
Practical Perspective
An organisation should know when it acts as controller, processor or jointly with another party before processing begins.